WEBVTT 00:00:00.240 --> 00:00:09.599 Summary of Sunni concepts 00:00:09.599 --> 00:00:13.599 Wherever God's law is, there is interest 00:00:13.599 --> 00:00:21.820 What God Almighty has legislated in His Book and on the tongue of His Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace 00:00:21.820 --> 00:00:24.820 Of duties and desires 00:00:24.820 --> 00:00:28.820 And what is permissible, what is forbidden, and what is disliked 00:00:28.820 --> 00:00:35.850 His law, Glory be to Him, is for the benefit and good of man in this world and the hereafter 00:00:35.850 --> 00:00:40.850 Wherever God’s law is, there is interest 00:00:40.850 --> 00:00:45.060 Interests in the balance of Sharia 00:00:45.060 --> 00:00:50.149 There are three interests in the balance of Sharia 00:00:50.149 --> 00:00:54.149 Considered, canceled and sent 00:00:54.149 --> 00:00:59.579 Considered interests 00:00:59.579 --> 00:01:05.579 These are the interests that the Sharia has attested to accepting and considering with specific evidence 00:01:05.579 --> 00:01:08.579 He enacted a law to achieve it 00:01:08.579 --> 00:01:12.579 These are interests that cannot be reciprocated 00:01:12.579 --> 00:01:16.579 There is no dispute over the legality of adopting and implementing it 00:01:16.579 --> 00:01:18.620 And from that 00:01:18.620 --> 00:01:20.620 The interest of preserving souls 00:01:20.620 --> 00:01:23.620 For which the ruling of retaliation was prescribed 00:01:23.620 --> 00:01:26.620 And the Funds Conservation Department 00:01:26.620 --> 00:01:29.620 For which it is prescribed to cut off the hand of the thief 00:01:29.620 --> 00:01:31.620 And the interest of preserving minds 00:01:31.620 --> 00:01:34.620 For which the prohibition of alcohol was established 00:01:34.620 --> 00:01:38.620 And so on and so forth 00:01:38.620 --> 00:01:44.340 Interests canceled 00:01:44.340 --> 00:01:48.340 These are the interests that the Sharia has attested to be nullified and rejected 00:01:48.340 --> 00:01:50.340 It is so 00:01:50.340 --> 00:01:55.340 The interest of earning money through usury or gambling 00:01:55.340 --> 00:02:00.340 The Sharia invalidated it by prohibiting both usury and gambling 00:02:00.340 --> 00:02:05.340 As well as the imagined interest of preventing polygamy 00:02:05.340 --> 00:02:11.340 Because of the harm expected to occur from problems and jealousy between the woman and her co-wife 00:02:11.340 --> 00:02:15.340 The Sharia neglected this interest and did not consider it 00:02:15.340 --> 00:02:18.340 For a higher interest 00:02:18.340 --> 00:02:22.340 It increases progeny and enables chastity 00:02:22.340 --> 00:02:24.340 And fortifying oneself 00:02:24.340 --> 00:02:28.330 Sent interests 00:02:28.330 --> 00:02:34.900 These are interests for which there is no specific evidence in Sharia for considering or canceling them 00:02:34.900 --> 00:02:38.900 It was sent under consideration or cancellation 00:02:38.900 --> 00:02:43.900 But there is a suitable meaning in it for a ruling to be prescribed for it 00:02:43.900 --> 00:02:47.900 It also falls under the general principle of Sharia 00:02:47.900 --> 00:02:51.900 Taking into account interests and preventing harm 00:02:51.900 --> 00:02:53.900 Among its examples 00:02:53.900 --> 00:02:58.900 Collecting the Qur’an, writing collections, and codifying sciences 00:02:58.900 --> 00:03:03.900 Such as Arabic sciences, the principles of jurisprudence, and the term Hadith 00:03:03.900 --> 00:03:12.090 In addition to other interests that no reasonable person doubts are compatible with Sharia law 00:03:12.090 --> 00:03:19.889 One of the controls for adopting the transmitted interest 00:03:19.889 --> 00:03:25.889 This is not contradicted by legal evidence from text, consensus, or analogy 00:03:25.889 --> 00:03:30.889 Taking it should not be a loss of a higher interest 00:03:30.889 --> 00:03:36.710 The difference between the transmitted interest and heresy 00:03:36.710 --> 00:03:43.509 The transmitted interests are only in what is reasonable in meaning 00:03:43.509 --> 00:03:46.509 It has no entry into pure devotion 00:03:46.509 --> 00:03:51.509 Which is not required to have a particularly reasonable meaning 00:03:51.509 --> 00:03:58.509 Such as details of the mode of prayer, the number of rak’ahs of prayer, and specifying a specific time for fasting 00:03:58.509 --> 00:04:03.509 And standing in the feelings of Hajj and so on 00:04:03.509 --> 00:04:07.509 This is one of the most important differences between the sent interests 00:04:07.509 --> 00:04:13.509 The innovation that occurs in acts of worship that are based on pure devotion 00:04:13.509 --> 00:04:18.509 Or in beliefs, since they are firm constants 00:04:18.509 --> 00:04:23.470 Ruling on agreeing on a mursal interest 00:04:23.470 --> 00:04:29.620 If scholars or specialists agree on a mursal interest 00:04:29.620 --> 00:04:32.620 It is not permissible to act against it 00:04:32.620 --> 00:04:38.620 If consensus is not achieved, the official acts according to the opinion of the majority of scholars 00:04:38.620 --> 00:04:43.060 Overlapping interests and harms 00:04:43.060 --> 00:04:48.250 Pros and cons are often not clear 00:04:48.250 --> 00:04:52.250 Rather, it is mostly mixing or crowding between them 00:04:52.250 --> 00:04:57.250 Then the Muslim follows the general rules in this regard 00:04:57.250 --> 00:05:01.250 Preventing harm takes precedence over bringing benefit 00:05:01.250 --> 00:05:05.250 Providing the highest of the two interests over the lowest 00:05:05.250 --> 00:05:08.250 And committing the lesser of two evils 00:05:08.250 --> 00:05:12.050 Competing interests 00:05:12.050 --> 00:05:16.980 Giving priority to one of the two interests over the other when competing 00:05:16.980 --> 00:05:19.980 It shall be in accordance with the following controls 00:05:19.980 --> 00:05:27.040 Firstly, prioritizing the definite and verified interest over the suspected interest 00:05:27.040 --> 00:05:33.139 Secondly, the two interests are equal in the certainty of their achievement 00:05:33.139 --> 00:05:37.329 Putting the public interest ahead of the private 00:05:37.329 --> 00:05:43.329 Thirdly, the two interests are equal in achieving the occurrence and in the generality of the benefit 00:05:43.329 --> 00:05:48.329 The greater interest is prioritized over the smaller interest 00:05:48.329 --> 00:05:56.000 The objectives of legislation are derived from the texts of Sharia and are not governed by them 00:05:56.000 --> 00:06:05.860 The overall objectives of the legislation were known through examining the texts of the Sharia and its interpretive provisions 00:06:05.860 --> 00:06:13.860 And deducing purposes from them, the texts are the origin and the purposes are the branch deduced from them 00:06:13.860 --> 00:06:24.860 Accordingly, it is in no way possible for an interpretive legal text or ruling to conflict with a general purpose of the legislation 00:06:24.860 --> 00:06:32.860 This is the claim of the people of deviation and whims. When they were unable to confront the texts, they resorted to interpreting them 00:06:32.860 --> 00:06:37.860 According to their mistaken understanding of the general purposes of Islam 00:06:37.860 --> 00:06:44.860 They call this adopting the intentional understanding of Islam instead of the textual understanding 00:06:44.860 --> 00:06:50.990 An example of this is their saying that usury was forbidden because of injustice 00:06:50.990 --> 00:06:59.990 Any form of it that does not lead to injustice is legitimate. We seek refuge in God from deviation and misguidance